The article studies a capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for the analysis of urinary extracts of the local anesthetic, bupivacaine, and its three main metabolites, desbutylbupi vacaine, 3’ hydroxybupivacaine, and 4’-hydroxybupivacaine, in rat urine. After collection of blank urine, the rats were given a 20 mg/kg intramuscular injection of bupivacaine, and urine was collected for 12 h after dosing. CE analyses were performed using the CAPEL®-205 capillary electrophoresis systems. The data was collected using the Elforan® specialized software. The use of methanol to reduce peak tailing was investigated at different concentrations, but 20% and 30% v/v were proved to be the most optimal at the preparatory stage of the experiment. The resolution of 3’ hydroxybupivacaine and 4’-hydroxybupivacaine was 1.09, 0.98, 0.89 and 0.89 at 15, 40, 70 and 110 s, respectively. The initial resolution (Rs) of desbutylbupi vacaine was achieved with all studied injection periods as Rs = 1.09, 0.97, 0.96 and 0.96 at 15, 40, 70 and 110 s, respectively. Separation efficiencies for 3’- and 4’ hydroxybupivacaine were312×10 3 , 257×10 3 , 196×10 3 и 169×10 3 μlat injection times of15, 40, 70 and 110 s, respectively. The results showed that the mass of bupivacaine, desbutylbupi vacaine, and 3’- and 4’ hydroxybupivacaine significantly recovered in the rat urine after the dose was administered. The recoveries as a percent of the dose were 0.04, 0.80, 0.15 and 0.05% for desbutylbupi vacaine, bupivacaine, 3’-hydroxybupivacaine, and 4’-hydroxybupivacaine, respectively. Separation of bupivacaine and its metabolites was achieved in 15 min. A particular advantage of this approach over published HPLC methods is that separation of the two hydroxy positional isomers of bupivacaine is possible. A number of unknown peaks were also observed in the electropherograms from the rats dosed with bupivacaine. These did not correspond to any peaks appearing in the blank urine samples. Characterization of these unknown peaks may prove useful for the further understanding of bupivacaine metabolism.
Surface-active substances find a wide application in all branches of the national economy [1,2]. Especially, the surfactants produced from environmentally -safe and reproducible initial materials attract the attention of specialists [3-4]. This paper is devoted to the obtainment of new representatives of such reagents and an investigation of their antimicrobial activity.
В статье приводятся результаты трехлетних опытов по испытанию инсектицидов в борьбе с яблонной плодожоркой и клещами. Наилучшим среди испытанных препаратов оказался: инсектоакарицид Бифенфос, 42% к.э. в норме расхода 1,5 л/га.
В ходе исследования было осмотрено 121 пациент раннего возраста с дизметаболической нефропатией на фоне пневмонии, а также 20 детей с пневмонией и мочевым синдромом. Функция клубочкового аппарата оценивалась по клиренсу эндогенного образования, аммиака, титруемой кислотности, осмолярность мочи, метаболиты (оксалаты, ураты, мочевая кислота). У больных детей с пневмонией и дизметаболической нефропатией отмечалось изменение парциальных функций почек, структурно-функциональных состояний цитомембран эритроцитов, а также усиления перекисного окисления липидов. В связи с чем, данным пациентам была рекомендована метаболическая коррегирующая терапия.
52 patients with rickets and 10 healthy children were examined. Among patients with rickets, 35 children were born in women with a complicated course of pregnancy (threat of termination, toxicosis of the first and second half). In 12 children, mothers had chronic liver and kidney diseases before giving birth.
The level of 25(OH) vitamin D (25-oxycalciferol) and 24.25 (OH)2 vitamin D (24.25-dioxycalciferol) was determined. The content of calcium-regulating hormones in the blood serum was determined by radioimmunological analysis. To assess the severity of the rickets process, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum was determined using a standard kit.
The aim of our study was to determine the effect of specific prevention on the metabolism and course of the clinical form of rickets in young children.
Ko’rilayotgan ushbu tadqiqot “Euphorbiaceae oilasiga mansub o`simliklarning poyasi, bargi va guli tarkibida uchraydigan polifenollarning xilma xilligi” mavzusida bo’lib, bunda dissertatsiya mavzusining dolzarbliligi, tadqiqotning maqsadi, tadqiqotning usullari va olingan natijalar va ularning tahlili qayd etilgan.
Maqolada tozalash va oqartirish vositalarining ishlab chiqarish texnologiyalarining bir necha usullari ko'rib chiqildi. Laboratoriyada kimyoviy tozalash va oqartirish vositalari tahlil qilindi. Labarotoriya jarayonida belgilangan o’simlikning poyasi, bargi va guli maydalanib tahlil sifatida olindi. Laboratoriya tahlillari natijasida olingan mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarishga tatbiq etildi. Ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasiga mos qurilmalar tanlandi. Ishlab chiqarish quvvatlarini yanada samarali qilish uchun zarur tarkibiy o'zgarishlar amalga oshirildi.
Today, the intensive development of applied microbiology makes it possible to isolate new generation endophytic microorganisms synthes many biologically active secondary metabolites (eg proteins, enzymes, vitamins, phytohormones, etc.) and their use in agriculture and medicine opens wide opportunities in the national economy.